Debug vs. Release in Delphi Build Configurations 1/3

Carol, By Todd Haynes And Starred Cate Blanchett And...

The film Carol, directed by Todd Haynes and starring Cate Blanchett and Rooney Mara, is a mid-century lesbian love story told unlike most others. Where the picture could have easily rejected femininity and the ideals of womanhood for a more dramatic transformation, Carol manages to achieve the same emotional and personal evolution whilst simultaneously focusing on themes of oppression of both women and lesbians to fit into societal norms. Carol and her love interest, Therese, are both in a constant battle between living the life where they will prosper socially or living the life where they can be happy with each other. As exemplified through various film techniques, the movie manages to portray the hardships of the strict rulebook a woman had to follow in the 1950s and how that could prohibit a budding lesbian couple from finding true happiness. There is a recurring motif in the costume design where Carol and Therese stand out in vibrant colors, trying to break the heterosexual mold that held women down so tightly in the 1950s, versus the bland browns and blacks of the rest of society that they should conform to. It was the first time Therese visited Carol’s house and the pair were thoroughly enjoying each others company. The mood is very light and youthful but there is an immediate change of tone with a shot of Carol looking startled after she hears the front door open. The camera scrambles along with her in a tracking shot as she rushes to get her shoes back on- a clear

Investigation of effective Bluetooth security features Free Essays

Introduction Bluetooth signals can be easily intercepted, as can any other type of wireless signals. Therefore, the Bluetooth specification calls for the built-in security to discourage eavesdropping and attempts to falsify the origin of messages, which is called â€Å"spoofing†. This section provides an overview of the security mechanisms included in the Bluetooth specifications to illustrate their limitations and provide a foundation for some of the security recommendations. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation of effective Bluetooth security features or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this example, Bluetooth security is provided between the mobile phone and the laptop computer. IEEE 802.11 security protects the wireless local area network link which is between the laptop computer and the IEEE 802.11 AP. The communications on the wired network are not protected by the Bluetooth security. 1. Three Basic Security Services The three basic security services specified in the Bluetooth standard are authentication, confidentiality and authorization. Authentication  ­Prevents spoofing and unwanted access to critical data and functions. It is the process of verifying the identity of the communication devices. User authentication is not provided natively by Bluetooth. The Bluetooth device authentication procedure is in the front of a challenge-response scheme. The device attempting to prove its identity in an authentication process is the claimant and the device validating the identity of the claimant is the verifier. The challenge-response protocol validates devices by verifying the knowledge of a secret key, which is the Bluetooth link key. Steps in Authentication Process Step 1: The verifier transmits a 128-bit random challenge (AU_RAND) to the claimant, which is obtained from the random number generator derived from a pseudo-random process within the Bluetooth device. Step 2: The claimant uses the E1 algorithm to compute an authentication response using its unique 48-bit Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR), the link key, and AU_RAND as inputs. The verifier does the same computation. Step 3: The claimant returns the most significant 32 bits of the E1 output as the computed response, SRES to the verifier. Step 4: The verifier uses a comparator to compare the SRES from the claimant and its own computed value from the E1 algorithm. Step 5: If both the values are the equal, the authentication is considered successful. If not, the authentication has failed. The 5 steps accomplishes one-way authentication. The Bluetooth standards allow both one-way and mutual authentication to be performed. For mutual authentication, the steps are repeated with the verifier and claimant switching roles. Confidentiality Preventing information compromise caused by ensuring that only authorised devices can access and view data. To provide confidentiality to the user’s data, encryption technique is used by the Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth has three Encryption Modes. The modes are as follows: Encryption Mode 1: No encryption is performed on any traffic. Encryption Mode 2: Individually addressed traffic is encrypted using encryption keys based on individual link keys. Broadcast traffic is not encrypted. Encryption Mode 3: All traffic is encrypted using an encryption key based on the master link key. The encryption key is produced using an internal key generator (KG). The KG produces stream cipher keys based on 128-bit link key, 128 bit EN_RAND and 96-bit ACO value which is the least significant bits from the E1 algorithm of authentication process. A key stream output is exclusive-OR-ed with the payload bits and sent to the receiving device. This stream key is produced using a cryptographic algorithm based on linear feedback shift registers (LFSR). The clock provides the slot number. The encryption function E0 output is exclusive-OR-ed with the sender data and transmitted. The received data is exclusive-OR-ed with the keystream and original data is retrieved. Trust levels, Service levels, and Authorizations The Bluetooth levels of trust are Trusted device: fixed relationship with another device and has full access to all services. Untrusted device: does not have an established relationship and hence restricted access to services. The security services defined for Bluetooth devices are Service level 1: requires authorization and authentication. Automatic access is granted to trusted device; untrusted devices need manual authorization. Service level 2: requires authentication only; authorization is not necessary. Access to an application is granted only after an authentication procedure. Service level 3: open to all devices, with no authentication required. Access is granted automatically. 2. Security Modes The various versions of Bluetooth specifications define four security modes. Each Bluetooth device must operate in one of the four modes. Security Mode 1: a non secure mode. Authentication and encryption are bypassed leaving the device and connections susceptible to attackers. This mode is only supported in v2.0 + EDR devices. Security mode 2: a service level-enforced security mode. The security procedures are initiated after LMP link establishment but before L2CAP channel establishment. The authentication and encryption mechanisms in this mode are implemented at the LMP layer. All Bluetooth devices support this security mode 2. Security Mode 3: link level-enforces security mode. The Bluetooth device initiates the security procedures before the physical link is fully established. This mode mandates authentication and encryption for all connections to and from the devics. This mode is supported only in v2.0 + EDR devices. Security Mode 4: a service level-enforced security mode like the security mode 2. But the security procedures are initiated after link setup. Authentication and encryption algorithms are identical to the algorithms in Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR and earlier versions. This is mandatory for v2.1 + EDR devices. Appendix D—Online Resources References Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Bluetooth 2.0 and 2.1 specifications, http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Technology/Building/Specifications/ Bluetooth Special Interest Group, â€Å"Bluetooth Security White Paper†, May 2002, http://www.bluetooth.com/NR/rdonlyres/E870794C-2788-49BF-96D3- C9578E0AE21D/0/security_whitepaper_v1.pdf Bluetooth Special Interest Group, â€Å"Simple Pairing Whitepaper†, August 2006, http://bluetooth.com/NR/rdonlyres/0A0B3F36-D15F-4470-85A6- F2CCFA26F70F/0/SimplePairing_WP_V10r00.pdf Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), â€Å"DoD Bluetooth Headset Security Requirements Matrix†, Version 2.0, 07 April 2008, http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/checklist/dod_bluetooth_headset_security_requirements_matrix_v2- 0_7april2008.pdf Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), â€Å"DoD Bluetooth Smart Card Reader Security Requirements Matrix†, Version 2.0, 01 June 2007, http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/checklist/DoD-Bluetooth- Smart-Card-Reader-Security-Requirements-Matrix.pdf Y. Lu, W. Meier, and S. Vaudenay, â€Å"The Conditional Correlation Attack: A Practical Attack on Bluetooth Encryption†, http://lasecwww.epfl.ch/pub/lasec/doc/LMV05.pdf How to cite Investigation of effective Bluetooth security features, Essay examples

Financial Analyst of Pine Grower

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Analyst of Pine Grower. Answer: Introduction The report is intended show the discussions based on the several types of the analytical tools used for the given case. The study has depicted the different types of the considerations, which will be able to scrutinizing the accounting profit and the economic profit. Accounting profit is seen to utilize the actual gains or losses and these comply with the GAAP. This value is often termed as total revenue earned by a company after the company deducts explicit costs of producing goods or services. Some of the explicit costs are identified as wages of the employees, cost of raw materials and rent[1]. Economic profit on the contrary is not determined by accounting standards and the entire concept is based on the application of the economic principles. Along with the explicit cost, economic profit is also discerned to take into consideration the implicit costs. These costs are which take into consideration the factors, which are related to the opportunity costs and are normally regarded as the individual resources of the company[2]. For instance, in case company had $100,000 as revenues and $30,000 as explicit costs, its accounting profit would be $70,000. In case, the company also had $10,000 in implicit, or opportunity costs. However, economic profit would be $ 60,000. Another method has been further seen in form of price elasticity of demand. This is used to depict the responsiveness of the quantity demanded in terms of the percentage change in the product or the services offered by a particular company, ceteris paribus[3]. Analytical Development The analytical development has been shown with the use of the different types of the methods ranging from accounting profit, economic profit and price elasticity of demand. In the section of the accounting profit, the consideration of the explicit expenses has been shown with the consideration of materials, wages, rent on building, lease of equipments, insurance and utilities. The computations in this section have been also able to show that Implicit cost costs such as Opportunity Cost of Capital and the Forgone Wages of the employees is not applicable while the computation accounting profit[4]. The analytical development performed in terms of the Economic Profit has been seen with the different types of the consideration seen in terms of the inclusion of implicit expenses. Implicit expenses are seen in terms of the inclusion of Opportunity Cost of Capital of $ 1500 and Forgone Wages of $ 26,000. In this case, the Total Implicit Expenses has been observed to be $27,500 and the same has been excluded while the computation of the profit. Hence, the economic profit has been observed to be $ 20,500. Hence, it can be observed that despite of accounting profit of $ 48,000 the consideration of the various types of the explicit cost in the economic profit has lowered the overall profit of the company[5]. The main aspect of this difference in the computation of is evident due to the consideration of opportunity cost, which is seen to be equal to what the firm is seen to give up (Please refer to appendix 1). The analytical development model prepared based on the accounting profit has excluded the consideration of that Implicit cost costs such as Opportunity Cost of Capital and the Forgone Wages. The implicit cost has been observed to be $ 48,000. (Please refer to appendix 2) Hence, it can be observed that economic profit is the difference of the total opportunity costs of all the resources used by the firm and difference of the total revenue, which has been received by the firm from the sales activity. On the other hand, accounting profit has taken into consideration the total revenue amount less the property chargeable against goods sold [6]. The price elasticity model has been able to depict the percentage change in demand of a particular product and service in terms percentage change in the price of the product. In this aspect, the price (P1 and P2) of the two commodities is considered as $ 200 and $ 150[7]. The two quantities (Q1 and Q2) of the commodities have been further taken into consideration as 500 and 400 units. The formula used for the Price Elasticity of Demand is (Q1-Q2)/ (Q1+Q2)]/ (P1-P2)/ (P1+P2)]. By using the aforementioned price elasticity, function the total price elasticity of demand of the two commodities has been computed to be 0.77[8]. Conclusion The report has been able to suggest on the use of economic profit, accounting profit and Price Elasticity of Demand. This has been able to suggest further on consideration of the implicit cost and explicit cost. The total profit inferred from the consideration of the accounting cost of products is higher as the implicit expenses such as Opportunity Cost of Capital, and Forgone Wages has not been included in the analysis. This has led to lower accounting profit of the firm. The different types of other aspects of the study have been further able to suggest on the various types of the consideration, which has been made in terms of the price elasticity of the demand. The developmental analysis has been able to suggest the difference in the accounting profit and the economic profit. The main recommendation can be seen in form of the lowering the forgone wages amount, which will lower the Total Implicit Expenses and increase the economic profit. Reference List "Difference Between Economic And Accounting Profit".Boundless(2016):. Web. 28 Feb. 2017. Cellini, Stephanie Riegg, and Claudia Goldin. "Does federal student aid raise tuition? New evidence on for-profit colleges."American Economic Journal: Economic Policy6.4 (2014): 174-206. Grant, Robert M.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Hirschey, Mark.Managerial economics. Cengage Learning, 2016. Kaplan, Robert S., and Anthony A. Atkinson.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning, 2015. Lavoie, Don. "The discovery and interpretation of profit opportunities: Culture and the Kirznerian entrepreneur."Culture and Economic Action48 (2015). Storey, David J., et al.The performance of small firms: profits, jobs and failures. Routledge, 2016. Zucman, Gabriel. "Taxing across borders: Tracking personal wealth and corporate profits."The Journal of Economic Perspectives28.4 (2014): 121-148.