During the dominate of Henry VIII (1485-1509) in England, the royal confiscation of monastic land s and church properties put a huge crutch on the entire charitable system. Between 1536 and 1544, iodin(a) would have to search far and wide for checkup share, and thither was absolutely no attend for indigent tribe in the city of capital of the United Kingdom. In 1569, royal hospitals were last restored, including Christ?s Hospital for Children, St. Mary?s of Bethlem for affable cases, and gen date of referencel hospitals such as St. Bartholomew?s and St. Thomas?. However, hospitals were non the except options for a upset individual. Queen Elizabeth I?s reign (1558-1603) brought the refurbishment of general charity, and there were some(prenominal) types of professionals and individuals to turn to for seeking health checks attention. As a result of this broad spectrum of medical choices, a assortment of the conjecture of Humors, the article of belief of Signature s, astrology, tradition, chemic science, and magic became the basis for ordinary euphony in Elizabethan England. One of the close soci in ally acceptable and encouraged forms of charity was medical charity. It was believed that sick masses obviously needed help to have a undeniable reco actually. Another motive for giving medical help was to help the ridiculous make a safe return from unhealthiness back to work, and thus removing the need to further provide fiscal help. The city of Norwich a great deal compensable large amounts for physicians to treat the poor. It was like bright often that the city would hire one poor somebody to nurse and keep other poor, sick person, to execute devil sniggers with one stone. An interesting fact is that it was parking lot for a miserable sum to be paid initially to a bonesetter, precisely the bulk of the fee would lone(prenominal) be paid when the uncomplaining role was able to walk again. Thus, it is apparent that the p ractician took full righteousness for the ! patient during the reco very(prenominal) period. The city of Norwich to a fault paid for foster during the recovery period for patient. Norwich is the crest lawsuit of the great forkicipation and motivation for treating the poor and the sick in Elizabethan England. When a merchant in Elizabethan London irritates a fever, he commencement ceremony ordain involve the physician to diagnose him. Then, he will ask his wife if she knows of a authoritative herb that will commence his fever. If she has nothing in her stillroom, hence she contacts an chemist. The apothecary will then prepare the treat prescribed by the physician. If finding lower-ranking relief, the merchant will then go to the local ? foxy? woman down the street, who will arrest him a go sprinkled with bergamot oil, advise him to eat change and ironic foods, and possibly advise him to consider attaching a unclothe or dickens to his skin to relieve his credit line Humor, This is an example of the commo n diagnosing and treatment of a patient. It is apparent that medicine was distributed by an line up of different people. The doctor a patient could see depended on the patient?s class and whether he or she had the coin to pay the fee. These professional physicians, who would have current an education at one of the Universities or Colleges for Physicians, were usually only afforded by the very wealthy. Surgeons had a similar reputation to the barbers, whom they associated with and belonged to in the Company of Barber-Surgeons. Barbers were only allowed to pull teeth or permit blood by cutting or phthisis of leaches. Usually, patients first visited the apothecary, who was the Elizabethan analogous for today?s pharmacist. They carried herbs, oils, chemicals, cosmetics, perfumes, and drugs. The Church could be considered a participate medical practitioner for providing attention and cheer to the sick and poor. low-down patients, however, usually first contacted the local ?wise woman? or ?cunning woman.? Usually, this woman had a! bully reputation for traditional remedies and treatments. Bonesetters set bones for broken limbs and ribs. Midwives took care of the childbirth segment of medicine. There were also herb-gatherers-and-compounders, hernia specialists, cataract couchers, dentists, and some(prenominal) other types other types of specialist. Lastly, there were ordinary Elizabethan housewives, who were evaluate to have some experience of simple herbal and traditional remedies to produce homemade medicines and potions. En masse, a patient who had many another(prenominal) options, and picked and chose from different services from many individuals and types of providers. Medicine in Elizabethan England was ridiculously basic for an era with terrible illnesses, such as the bubonic chivvy and typhoid, and an great lack of sanitation in large cities with open sewers alter with garbage, infestation of rats, lice, and fleas, and no footrace water. The cause of illness was or so entirely unknown, a nd the beliefs were mostly ground on teachings by antiquated Greeks and astrology. The ignorance is also apparent in the common wear of physicians, which were often seen as very strange. The clothing consisted of a large, full, dark cloak, boots, gloves, a hat, and a mask wrought like a bird?s beak, which held bergamot oil. They also wore amulets of dried blood and ground-up toads at the waist for pr pull downtative purposes. It was also a custom to stretch out oneself with vinegar and to chew angelica before approaching the patient. These preventative steps may have the appearance _or_ semblance very ridiculous and random. However, the popular belief about medicine form from six different theories, which happened to make sense at the time. The ancient Greek, Galen, formed the first hypothesis. He believed that the body consists of our embodied fluids called ?Humors?: blood, matte, colorish bile, and black bile. Each humor possessed certain characteristics. downslope i s spicy and wet, Phlegm is cold and wet, Yellow impe! rtinence is enthusiastic and dry, and Black Bile is cold and dry. A inherent respite of these fluids will keep the body in a level-headed state. Any imbalance will result in illness. For example, a cold is the result of too much hot and dry phlegm in the body. This can be counteracted by drying and heating, or staying in bed and eating hot soup. For another example, a fever is the result of an unembellished of blood in the body. A treatment for the fever would be to remove excess blood with leaches, or eat cool and dry foods, like crackers. The characteristics of the quaternity Humors were also considered for treating mental illnesses, as blood is sanguine, phlegm is phlegmatic, yellow bile is choleric, and black bile is melancholic. The second surmise is the Doctrine of Signatures.
This theory comes from the Bible, stating that God gave universe lower creatures for Man to use for his benefit. Man uses many creatures for sustenance, and many creatures for labor. Other non-edible creatures on footing should be employ as ingredients in medicines. For example, Lungwort is rock-steady for the lungs, and Eyebright will clear the eyesight. The third theory, astrology, has been signs and planet orbits of a patient?s birthday to determine the severity and duration of an illness. The after part theory is the traditional approach to medicine. This theory states that illness is a foreign heraldic bearing in the body; the expropriation of the beat presence is the key to treatment. For example, an exorcism is necessary for mental illness, a queen?s touch is a cure for scrofula, terabyte in t he neck, and toads are a cure for warts. The fifth t! heory uses chemical science, in which newly discovered pure substances and non-organic materials were touch into medical service, such as tobacco and mercury. The sixth theory deals with magic. In days, the dividing line between magic and legitimate medical reading was extremely blurred. Magic seemed perfectly logical and even scientific to an Elizabethan. The most common cleansing agent used was vinegar, which was utilize to most wounds to prevent from infection. The only cure for toothache was having the tooth pulled, which did not include the use of any anesthetics. Bubonic incrust was handle by applying warm butter, onion, and garlic to the bubo. Other motley remedies for the plague were tried, including tobacco, arsenic, lily root, and dried toad. Head pains were case-hardened with scented herbs such as sage, bay leaf, rose, and lavender. Stomach pains were toughened with wormwood, mint, and balm. Lung problems were treated with licorice and comfrey. These are all spe cific examples of treatments for common complicatedness in the Elizabethan era. An weighty benefit of all Elizabethan medicine is the confirmation of the placebo effect. The belief in one?s treatment excites the patient?s optimism and hopes, which is often the most meaning(a) part of the recovery process. This is probably the most prevalent, underlying inexplicable to Elizabethan medicine, whether the medical practitioners and patients knew it or not. The great mix of specialists, knowing physicians, and magicians and all their ideas and beliefs, including the bodily Humors, the Doctrine of Signatures, astrology, tradition, chemical science, and magic, is important close why everybody did not die in unsanitary, Bubonic Plagued, rat-infested, and garbage-filled Elizabethan England. Work CitiedBynum, W F., and Roy Porter. Companion Encyclopedia of the register of Medicine. London: Routledge,1993. Holmes, Martin, Elizabethan London. London: Praeger, 1969. Kiple, Kenneth F. The Cambridge World History of kind-hearted Disease. s! weet York City: Cambridge UP, 1993McGrew, Robert E., comp. Encyclopedia of Medical History. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1985. Pritchard, R E. Shakespeare?s England: Life in Elizabethan & Jacobean Times. If you wish to get a full essay, order it on our website:
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